![]() ![]() The present study was designed to screen the antiproliferative activities of three different forms of cobalt i.e., cobaltous (CoCl 2♶H 2O), macro-Co(II,III) oxide and nano-Co(II,III) oxide against PC-3 cancer cell line. CoCl 2♶H 2O has been reported to be used as a doping agent by athletes for improving their performance (Lippi et al. It has also been reported as a cardio-, reno- and neuro- protective agent (Salnikow et al. 2014 Rush and Yajnik 2014 Chellan and Sadler 2015). Co plays a major role in the form of cobalamin i.e., vitamin B-12 by maintaining neurological and immune responses, red blood cell formation, synthesis of DNA and in development as well as growth of infants (Andres et al. Cobalt(III) oxide is an insoluble (Mahey and Thukral 2014) non-conductive complex having optic and ceramic properties. It is used in coloration of paint and glass. It is a water soluble crystalline complex which gets decomposed on electrolysis. Co exists in numerous inorganic complexes with different oxidation states, but not all the oxidation states are medicinally important. 2008).Ĭobalt (Co) is a transition metal which is required as a trace element in both plants and animals. It has been reported that cytotoxic drugs specifically target frequently dividing cells because of the increased synthesis of nucleic acids in them during cell division (Thind et al. 2012 El-Boraey and El-Din 2014 Novotny and Kombian 2014 Mojic et al. Different metal complexes viz., Ru(III), Co(II), Cu(II) nitrate, Pd(II) chloride, and coordination complexes of Pt(II), As, Sb, Bi, V, Fe, Rh, Ti and Ga have been investigated for their anticancer activities by various workers (Olivova et al. Some of the transition metals have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic and anticancer properties (Singh 2014). Their ability to exist in a number of oxidation states and reacting with other oppositely charged species has been exploited in medicinal chemistry. They along with their complexes have found use in drug development since last decade (Gianferrara et al. The d-block elements confined to 3–12 groups of periodic table represent transition metals. These findings presented CoCl 2♶H 2O as potential antiproliferative agent. Interestingly, it was found that CoCl 2♶H 2O induces more cell death in cancerous cells as compared to normal non-cancerous cells. Finally, the caspase activity was estimated in CoCl 2♶H 2O treated PC-3 cancer cell line. The cell cycle arrest was also investigated using flow cytometery. Further, production of reaction of reactive oxygen species and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential was also assessed spectrofluorimetrically. The Annexin/PI staining confirmed the apoptotic mode of cell death in PC-3 cells. The lactate dehydrogenase was estimated which showed mild necrotic mode of cell death. ![]() The CoCl 2♶H 2O induced morphological and anatomical changes in PC-3 cancer cell which were studied using light, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Human embryonic kidney cell line (293T) was used as a normal cell line to compare the toxicity of CoCl 2♶H 2O. The CoCl 2♶H 2O being the most effective antiproliferative agent, hence it was further tested against lung (A549), prostrate (PC-3) and brain (IMR-32) cell lines. Preliminary, three different forms of cobalt i.e., cobaltous (CoCl 2♶H 2O), macro-Co(II,III) oxide and nano-Co(II,III) oxide were screened for antiproliferative activity in PC-3 cell line. ![]() The present study investigates the anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing mechanism of CoCl 2♶H 2O in PC-3 cancer cell line. ![]()
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